Caracterización física de un hormigón geopolimérico curado por CO2.

70 páginasEn los últimos años la industria de la construcción busca innovar con la creación de nuevos materiales de construcción más amigables con el ambiente y económicos a su vez, de esta búsqueda constante por innovar han resultado los hormigones geopoliméricos. Según el químico Joseph Davidovits (1994), estos hormigones cumplen con la expectativa de innovación debido a que son materialmente amigables con el ambiente y logran mejores resultados comparado con el concreto convencional (Davidovits, 1994). Por lo anterior, realizar investigaciones sobre los hormigones geopolimérico se ha convertido en una tendencia creciente. En este trabajo de grado se describe y analiza la variación de algunas propiedades físicas y mecánicas de un hormigón geopolimérico elaborado con ceniza volante activada alcalinamente con una solución de hidróxido de sodio 14M y adicionando silicato de sodio líquido como fuente complementaria de sílice. Se menciona, en primera instancia, la problemática a tratar desde su concepción hasta sus posibles soluciones, lo que implica el desarrollo de una metodología definida de estudios de casos. Los estudios realizados en este trabajo dan cuenta de los resultados obtenidos en ensayos de resistencia a la compresión, variación gravimétrica, variación volumétrica y absorción de agua. Finalmente, los resultados comparativos, las posibles causas de error y análisis para procesos a posteriori son presentados y discutidos.In recent years the construction industry has been looking to innovate with creation of new construction materials more ecofriendly while being economic. From this incessant research to innovate has been developed the geopolymer concrete. According to chemist Joseph Davidovits (1994) these materials fulfill the expectative of innovation due to it being ecofriendly and having better results when compared with conventional concretes (Davidovits, 1994). Because of this, research made about this material has been growing up as a trend in construction industry. This thesis describes and analyzes some physical and mechanical properties variations of a geopolymer concrete fabricated with fly-ash alkali activated with a solution of Sodium hydroxide 14M and adding liquid Sodium Silicate as complementary source of Silica. Firstly, the problem is describing from its conception to its possible solutions, which implies a methodology development of study cases. The studies made in this thesis reflects the results of tests such as compression strength, gravimetric analysis, volume variation and water absorption. Finally, comparative results, possible causes of error and analysis of future processes are presented and discussed.PregradoIngeniero(a) Civi

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 CountriespublishedVersio

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed